| ANSI
(美国国家标准协会) |
| | American
National Standards Institute. An industry body that publishes standards, such as
standards developed by the IEEE. |
|
CENELEC (欧洲电工标准委员会) |
| | This
is the European acronym for the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.
The European technical organization responsible for coordination of standards
for safety and electromagnetic emissions for electrical equipment in the European
Economic Community (EEC). The EEC(欧共体) is working toward having a uniform set of
standards that will apply for all EEC countries. |
|
CSA (加拿大标准化组织) |
| |
Canadian Standards Organization. This is a Canadian government organization that
evaluates the safety of electrical equipment. It is not legal to sell electrical
equipment in Canada without CSA approval (although such sales occur frequently).
The standards and test procedures of the CSA are similar to but not identical
to those of the UL in the USA. Equipment is not CSA approved unless it bears the
circular CSA mark. |
|
CISPR22(欧洲射频电磁标准) |
| | This
is European Community standard specifying the limits of radio frequency emissions
which appliances and other electrical equipment are allowed. The standard indicates
the maximum allowable emissions either radiated or conducted via the power cord
at various frequencies. Some countries still use the older VDE0871 emission
standards, which
are nearly identical. In the USA, the FCC has a similar standard. |
| EN50-091(欧洲UPS系统安全测试标准) |
| | A European
test standard for UPS system safety. Supercedes and is a superset of the IEC950
standard formerly used for UPS testing. In addition to the typical safety tests
found in the IEC950 standard, this standard includes special sections on batteries
and other safety concerns specific to UPS systems. UPS products are normally certified
to this standard by VDE, TUV, SEMKO or other authorized certification body. Many
vendors whose products do not meet this standard nevertheless claim compliance
with the standard. Therefore it is very important to make sure that an authorized
certification body has certified the product. |
|
FCC(美国联邦通讯委员会发布的计算机设备电磁噪声及射频干扰标准) |
|
The U.S. Federal communications Commission specifies the maximum amounts of conducted
noise signals (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) that computer equipment
is permitted to generate in Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Regulations. These limits
are set in order to prevent computer equipment from interfering with the operation
of radio and television receivers. Two different limits have been set, depending
on the typical application and marketing of the computer equipment. The class
"A" FCC limits are for equipment intended for use in commercial and
industrial environments. The more |
|
IEC (国际电工委员会) |
|
The International Electrotechnical Commission. An international organization that
writes standards for safety for electrical and other equipment. Many IEC standards
were adopted from the German VDE, which was the main historical standards-writing
body in Europe. One goal of the IEC is to harmonize differing standards between
European countries to facilitate free trade. The U.S. Underwriters Laboratories
(UL) and the Canadian CSA are members of the IEC and it is likely that UL and
CSA standards will also converge with the IEC standards in the future. |
| IEEE(电机与电子工程师学会
) |
|
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. A professional society and standards
writing body for the U.S. Electronics industry. |
|
IEC-320(国际电源连接标准) |
|
An international power connector standard developed by the international Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) used mainly with input power cordsets. It is possible when using
cordsets which incorporate this connector to connect power to a product with any
of nine different cordsets so that the product can be easily modified to operate
anywhere in the world. |
|
IEC950(国际数据处理安全标准) |
|
An international standard for safety or data processing and related equipment.
IEC950 specifies rules regarding construction, insulation, and safety features
of computer equipment. Ordinarily, a product tested by TUV or VDE is checked for
compliance with IEC950. |
|
IEEE (电机与电子工程师学会) |
|
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. A professional society and standards
writing body for the U.S. Electronics industry. |
|
IEEE C62.41(电气浪涌环境定义标准) |
|
The U.S. Federal communications Commission specifies the maximum amounts of conducted
noise signals (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) that computer equipment
is permitted to generate in Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Regulations. These limits
are set in order to prevent computer equipment from interfering with the operation
of radio and television receivers. Two different limits have been set, depending
on the typical application and marketing of the computer equipment. The class
"A" FCC limits are for equipment intended for use in commercial and
industrial environments. The more |
|
IEC (国际电工委员会) |
|
In this IEEE standard (formerly called IEEE 587),the surge environment to which
electrical equipment is exposed is defined. Using data collected over many years,
this standard describes the type, magnitude, and frequency of electrical surges
that are likely to be found at various points on the wiring within a building.
The standard defines standard surge voltage waveforms which represent the worst
surges to be expected, and recommends that equipment be designed to survive the
application of the test waveforms. A "Category A" waveform is defined
which consists of a 6000V, 200A, 500KHZ ringing voltage waveform. This waveform
is the worst case waveform which is expected to be found at user wall receptacles.
Two "Category B" waveforms are defined, including a 500A version of
the Category A waveform as well as a 6000V 5000A unipolar pulse waveform. These
waveforms are described as the worst case waveform which is expected to be found
at a circuit breaker panel box or on wiring that goes outside the building. "Passing
the IEEE test" is a commonly used term which means simply that the UPS or
surge suppressor survived application of the test voltage; it says nothing about
any level of protection which the UPS or surge suppressor might provide to the
loads that it is supposed to protect. Most simple extension cord "Pass"
the IEEE test, yet provide no protection from surges. The protective performance
of a UPS or surge suppressor is measured by the peak "let through" voltage
which the unit allows when subjected to the IEEE test waveforms. For this test,
the Category A test waveform is usually used since it is more representative of
the users actual environment. |
|
TUV(德国安全测试库) |
|
TUV is a safety testing laboratory with headquarters in Germany. TUV can test
products for compliance with IEC or VDE requirements. Products that bear the TUV
insignia have been tested by TUV for compliance with applicable standards for
sale in the European market. |
|
VDE(德国电气工程师研究所) |
|
VDE is the German institute of Electrical Engineers. This association has written
many standards for electrical equipment. By agreement, Germany and all EC countries
now use IEC testing standards, which have in many cases been derived from historic
VDE standards. In areas where there is no applicable IEC standard, the EC has
standards known as "EN" standards. VDE tests products to IEC or EN specifications. |
| VDE
0871(德国射频标准) |
|
A German standard specifying limits of conducted or emitted radio frequency interference
permitted from electronic equipment. By agreement with the other EC countries,
this standard is now replaced by the EN emission standard also called the CISPR
22 standard. |
|
VCCI(日本自动控制产品标准) |
|
The Japanese Voluntary Control Council for Interference. This Japanese industry
association certifies compliance of equipment sold in Japan to the international
CISPR 22 emission standards. There is no legal requirement to have VCCI compliance
to sell in Japan, but the VCCI label has become recognized as an indication of
produce quality and is required by many Japanese customers. |
|
UL(电气安全或安全设备库) |
|
Underwriters Laboratory. This private organization was originally founded as a
result of the need for insurance companies to help consumers choose safe electrical
and safety equipment. UL evaluates equipment submitted to them by the equipment
manufacturer using standards which UL has written for the equipment category.
Equipment which is evaluated and found to meet the safety requirements is either
UL listed or UL recognized. Many insurance companies and local electrical codes
in the U.S. require that installed electrical equipment be UL Listed. |
